Surprising no one, the insane usage rule has a catch. Only happens in the layered_dpb path, which was poorly tested. Fixes: "[AVHWDeviceContext @ 0x557f4b87dc00] Validation Error: [ VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-07122 ] Object 0: handle = 0xaf31600000000ce, type = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE; | MessageID = 0xfe471484 | vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(): pDependencyInfo->pImageMemoryBarriers[0].oldLayout (VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_KHR) is not compatible with VkImage 0xaf31600000000ce[] usage flags 0x405. The Vulkan spec states: If srcQueueFamilyIndex and dstQueueFamilyIndex define a queue family ownership transfer or oldLayout and newLayout define an image layout transition, and oldLayout or newLayout is VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_KHR then image must have been created with VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR (https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/html/vkspec.html#VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-07122) " Patch attached.